A review of common faults in large-scale heat pumps

Large-scale heat pumps can contribute towards the decarbonisation of district heating systems and industrial processes. Unidentified faults have a negative impact on availability, performance maintenance costs pump systems. This study provides description related to operation 53 based vapour compression cycle. Faults were characterized according potential causes, mitigation or prevention implications as well detection diagnosis methods. in compressor, evaporator source exchanger more recurrent than other components large-scale pumps. Overall, most common fouling exchangers refrigerant leakage. impacts like system shutdown, reduction release into environment, mainly described be originated compressor. Several directions for future research identified, which included developing specific fault methods applications, proposing detect diagnose multiple simultaneous faults, integrating degradation monitoring with diagnosis.